A clear and definitive understanding of the genealogical ancestry of Jesus and his parents, the Virgin Mary and his earthly father Joseph, has been of great theological interest to scholars over the centuries, but somewhat of an enigma to determine. An exhaustive review of all genealogies in the Bible shows that, almost without exception, they trace the patrilineal descent of an individual (through the father, not through the mother) and this is true for Jesus the Messiah as well. The Chronicler in the Old Testament and the Gospels writers of Matthew and Luke in the New Testament preserve lengthy, patrilineal genealogical accounts that confirm the Judahite (tribe of Judah) ancestry of Joseph in 1.00 Chronicles 3, Matthew 1, and Luke 3. In an effort to understand the genealogical ancestry of Mary—which is not given in scripture—early records preserved by Church tradition were consulted in extra-biblical sources such as Ignatius of Antioch, Justin Martyr, St. John of Damascus, and portions of the apocryphal Infancy Gospel of James. Overall, the extra-biblical accounts attest to a ‘mixed’ Judahite-Levitical heritage for Mary, revealing that she was of Judahite ancestry on her father’s side (Joachim) and of Levitical–priestly ancestry on her mother’s side (Anne). A summary genealogical chart showing the ancestors of Jesus’ parents will explicate how Mary and Joseph were distantly related to one another as ‘second cousins once-removed’ and therefore shared an endogamous marriage. Also, the genealogical construct will make clear how important biblical characters, such as Joseph of Arimathea, the disciples James and John (the sons of Zebedee), and John the Baptist (the son of Elizabeth and Zachariah), were related to this important family of Jesus the Messiah.