This presentation compares the teaching of the nature and causes of tyranny by two Muslim leaders, Bediüzzaman Said Nursi (1877-1960) and Muhammed Fethullah Gülen (1941-2024), with John Calvin’s (1509-1564) theology of God’s secret providence. Nursi’s commentary on the Qur’an, the Risale-i Nur, along with two published volumes of Gülen’s sermons, Yolun Kaderi (The Path’s Destiny), and, Dert Musikisi (Trouble’s Music), were explored to form an overview of their understanding of the nature and causes of tyranny from an Islamic perspective. Gülen’s sermons were preached leading up to and following the 2016 coup attempt that Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (b.1954) blamed on Gülen and his followers. This is significant because many of Gulen’s followers who listened regularly to his sermons spent time in prison following the coup attempt and consider President Erdoğan a tyrant. John Calvin’s short work, Concerning the Secret Providence of God, was examined to form a Christian comparison and interaction with Nursi’s and Gülen’s teachings. This short treatise outlines fourteen accusations made by Sebastian Castellio (1515-1563) against Calvin’s theology of the providence and decrees of God. Essentially, Calvin responds to Castellio, who accuses him of teaching that God is the author of sin and the evil actions of men. Gulen, as influenced by Nursi, attributes the primary causes of tyranny to Allah’s Unity (Tawhid), Allah as the Causer of causes (Müsebbibü’l-Esbab), and Allah’s Divine Determinism (Kader). Each of these categories is compared and contrasted with Calvin’s understanding of God’s sovereignty and secret providence, particularly in relation to Calvin’s teachings on the two wills of God, God’s permission of evil, and the sense of scriptural mystery surrounding how God permits what he does not will. The presentation will also cover Gulen and Nursi’s secondary causes of tyranny, such as the work of Satan, tyrants, and evil people. This paper concludes that Gulen and Nursi’s understanding of Allah’s causation of tyranny has several pragmatic similarities with Calvin’s understanding of God’s secret providence; however, there are significant distinctions. Remarkably, though Calvin taught that God is not the author of sin, even though God permits what he does not will, Nursi and Gulen are not concerned to dismiss that Allah is the causer of sin and tyranny, because Sunni Islam renounced Mutazilite theology in the ninth century.