What is the unity of the Spirit and how does this unity apply to the early Church in Ephesus? While contemporary research often applies the “unity of the Spirit” that Paul mentions in Ephesians 4:3 to a modern Christian community, there appears to be a research gap in connecting the original socio-political context of Ephesus to the passage’s impact on the intended reader. Thus, this question drives the research of this study to explore the cultural and religious context of Ephesus as a prominent religious-centered providence under Roman rule that the original audience experienced. Contemporary scholarship, while typically focused on the modern theological implications of the unity of the Spirit, displays a research gap that often lacks in connecting Paul’s unity to the apparent reality of already established unity granted through the Roman Empire and available to the original audience. This study employs a socio-rhetorical methodology that reconstructs the cultural and religious landscape of Ephesus to further contextualize Paul’s call for Christian unity as opposed to the unity brought about by the Roman Empire. The methodology reveals how the Roman Empire brought about unity through its infrastructure, religious toleration and plurality, Greco-Roman cultural influence, the imperial cult, and worship of Artemis in the Ephesus’ providence. Through an exegetical study of Ephesians 4:3, this study finds that the “unity of the Spirit” displays a gift from the divine instead of something that humans can achieve; therefore, Paul stresses how the original audience must now maintain this unity provided by God. The study contributes to the research gap by providing a fresh perspective on how the original audience would recognize the “unity of the Spirit” that Paul discusses, opposing the unity provided by the Roman Empire. Therefore, this study shows that the original audience would receive the charge to maintain the unity that contrasts the Roman Empire’s unity, thereby taking part in uniting as the Body of Christ.