This paper traces the development of the doctrine of the Sabbath through the history of Baptist confessions, examining how theological themes surrounding the Sabbath have been articulated, maintained, and adapted over time. By analyzing a range of widely recognized confessions among English-speaking Baptists—including the Orthodox Confession, the Second London Confession, the New Hampshire Confession, The Baptist Faith & Message, and African American Baptist confessions—the study identifies commonalities and divergences in the Baptist understanding of the Sabbath. Additionally, Baptist confessions in international contexts will be considered to offer a broader perspective on how cultural and historical factors have shaped doctrinal expressions.
The central aim of this paper is to construct a theological synthesis that reflects a confessional consensus on the Sabbath within the Baptist tradition. By addressing the foundational question, “What is the Sabbath?” from a Baptist perspective, this study contributes to contemporary theological discussions on the role of the Sabbath in Christian life and worship. Key doctrinal themes such as rest, worship, the Lord’s Day, and Christian liberty will be explored to reveal how Baptist thought has engaged with the broader Christian tradition while maintaining distinctive convictions.
Furthermore, the paper will analyze points of theological development and divergence, particularly in response to societal and denominational shifts. Attention will be given to how Baptist confessions have navigated theological challenges, including debates over Sabbatarianism, the transition from the seventh-day Sabbath to the Lord’s Day, and the influence of differing eschatological and covenantal perspectives.
By providing a historical and theological analysis of the Sabbath in Baptist confessions, this paper seeks to contribute to the ongoing dialogue on Baptist identity and doctrinal continuity. Ultimately, it aims to offer a resource for scholars, pastors, and church leaders seeking to understand and apply Baptist confessional theology in contemporary ministry contexts.