While Baptists are unambiguously part of the catholic tradition, their understanding of catholicity has not always been clear. What exactly does catholicity mean? And what are its implications for those who confess it? This paper will argue that catholicity is both a doctrine and posture—a doctrine of wholeness and universality which leads to a posture of charity and partnership. As a core component of Nicene ecclesiology, catholicity merits robust retrieval in Baptist life. Baptists must take seriously their situatedness within one, holy, catholic, and apostolic church. This sort of retrieval is happening. Through articles, books, and institutions, influential evangelical Baptists are demonstrating a renewed interest in the church’s catholicity. There remains a need, however, to broaden this retrieval project, and this work will not be without challenge. This paper will explore some of those challenges, placing the doctrine of catholicity in more critical conversation with Baptist history, identity, and practice. While some chapters of the Baptist story provide precedent for a coherently Baptist retrieval of catholicity, other chapters of the Baptist story challenge such retrieval. This paper will engage recent work on evangelical Baptist catholicity and extend such work, highlighting both challenges to the retrieval of catholicity and the potential benefits of the project.