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After conceding that Nebuchadnezzar did not receive any wages from Tyre, YHWH promised to hand over Egypt to the Babylonian king as compensation. Stated simply, YHWH promises to repay Nebuchadnezzar for his tireless work against Tyre. Although unaware, Ezekiel declares that the Babylonians “worked for [YHWH]” (אֲשֶׁר עָשׂוּ לִי). As such, he promises to hand … Read more
The close relationship between the “watcher traditions” of Jubilees 5:1–12 and 1 Enoch 6–11 on the one hand and the sons of God narrative of Genesis 6:1–4 on the other is well documented. Early in the modern study of Jubilees, Charles observed the affinity of the watchers’ punishment in Jubilees 5 with that in 1 … Read more
Faithfulness of the Nicene formulation to the canonical Gospels in its confession of the full deity and full humanity of Jesus Christ as the second person of the Trinity is surely assumed and affirmed by every orthodox believer who rises to the call in worship, “let us say what we believe.” Less sure is the … Read more
This paper will argue that the themes of wisdom and power are central to the theological message and purpose of the book of Daniel, and have been under-appreciated in both exegetical and theological treatments of the book. The argument will be advanced along three lines. First, the theological message of the book, expressed by these … Read more
Numbers 5:11-31 provides a detailed account of a test for a woman suspected of adultery, even in the absence of evidence. The text outlines a process where the husband, feeling a spirit of jealousy, is instructed by God through Moses to bring his wife to the priest to determine her guilt or innocence. The priest … Read more
In Francis Schaeffer’s theological architecture, the principle of antithesis functions not merely as a rhetorical device but as the epistemological foundation of his public theology. For Schaeffer, the very structure of truth necessitates antithesis—the clear delineation between truth and non-truth—with significant implications for Christianity’s engagement in public discourse. Schaeffer contends that diminishing the antithetical nature … Read more
War presents citizens with questions of how to understand their nationality and what constitutes national loyalty. For African Americans in World War I, debates about national identity held another layer of meaning. President Woodrow Wilson defined American involvement in the conflict as an effort to make the world safe for democracy, yet during this time … Read more
Racism and its various mutations have impacted every aspect of American life and remains a great challenge to the American Church. Worldviews seek to answer life’s biggest questions, that of reality, origin, meaning, morality, and destiny, by forming humans to live, think, and ‘be’ a certain way in the world. Protestant Evangelicals advocate for a … Read more
Francis Schaeffer is best remembered as a Christian apologist, cultural critic, and founder of the L’Abri Fellowship. Yet, much of the academic and pastoral engagement with his work has overlooked a vital dimension: Schaeffer as an ethicist. This paper proposes to revisit and explore Schaeffer’s thought through the lens of Christian ethics. Specifically, it will … Read more
The usage of καταστολή in Isa 61:3 LXX represents one of only eighteen occurrences of this term among twelve primary sources through the mid-second century CE. This paper presents the findings of a comprehensive investigation of these sources and occurrences of καταστολή therein. The research reveals fifteen patterns related to lexical, semantic behavioral, and authorial … Read more