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In most translations of Galatians 6.1, Paul directs the “spiritual” (οἱ πνευματικοί) among the Christ-followers in Galatia to restore transgressors in their midst “in a spirit of gentleness” (ἐν πνεύματι πραΰτητος). Such translations, and those like it, have often led interpreters to think that Paul is here being sarcastic or polemical with the designation “spiritual.” … Read more
The argumentation of my paper has to do not on the fall of Lucifer per se, but on the fall of those angels who fell with him following him. That an irruption among the heavenly hosts of angels somehow came about at some point in primordial history, resulting in a remainder of holy angels on … Read more
This study considers Zephaniah’s hermeneutic in approaching his preliminary canon and how later authors employed Zephaniah’s message. I first evaluate some Old Testament allusions, considering how Zephaniah parallels the coming fires of judgment to the waters of judgment at the flood, how he portrays the day of the Lord as a new conquest to claim … Read more
Charles Finney is a name that a majority of church members in America today have likely never heard before. Yet, Finney’s methodologies of revival that sprang forth in the mid-19th Century have had innumerable effects on the ecclesiology of Christians in America. For theologians, Finney’s name is one that either draws ire or admiration. Whether … Read more
This paper explores the significance of omitting the term ousios in the Creed of Nicaea (AD 325) and adding or substituting in its place “begotten by the Father before the ages” in a sampling of the creeds that have impacted the Nicene Creed. Comparisons of the Christological statements in the creeds of Caesarea (c. AD … Read more
Hebrews 8:8-13 features the longest quotation of the Hebrew scriptures in the New Testament wherein the author of Hebrews quotes the new covenant prophecy from Jeremiah 31:31-34. It is often understood that this quotation is merely a preface for the author’s larger argument about the inefficacy of Israel’s sacrificial system, which spans Hebrews 9:1-10:18. The … Read more
The scholarly paper delves into the profound and transformative role that the Holy Spirit plays in the lives of believers, a concept deeply embedded in biblical teachings and further solidified in the Nicene Creed. This understanding has influenced Christian thought for more than NaN.00 years. The paper meticulously explores the various attributes and functions of … Read more
Robert Jenson famously lamented the lack of fixed dogma on Christ’s atonement. Although the early church responded to trinitarian controversy regarding the person of Christ, with the First Council of Nicaea providing an initial ecumenical judgment, the work of Christ remained a flexible doctrine for centuries. When contrasting the Apostles’ Creed and the Creed of … Read more
This paper examines the foundational role of divine plenitude in the formation and articulation of Nicene Trinitarian theology. Divine plenitude—the infinite fullness and blessedness of the Father’s essence as the fons divinitatis—grounds the coequality, coeternality, and consubstantiality of the Father, Son, and Spirit while preserving the unity of the divine essence. This study argues that … Read more
Digital media pervades modern societies and relationships. The anniversary of the Council of Nicaea provides a fitting occasion to examine the enduring significance of early Christian theology for modern discussions of media, representation, and mediated presence. Placing fourth-century theology into conversation with contemporary media theories, including media as cognitive and social infrastructure, will demonstrate that … Read more