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From the beginning of the tradition, Reformed Christology argued for a Neo-Chalcedonian understanding of the distinctiveness of Christ’s two natures in the unity of the eternal person of the Son. During the first three generations, Reformed doctrine developed in self-conscious differentiation from Lutheranism’s emphasis on a metaphysical communication of attributes (Cross, Drake). After the agenda-setting … Read more
As we read Paul’s letter to the Romans, we encounter crucial theological definitions of the gospel, Jesus’ identity, their relation to the Scriptures, Paul’s ministry, and more. Additionally, we see works attempting to understand Jesus’ divinity or relation to the Godhead that purposefully avoid engaging with fourth-century creedal formulations. There are studies on Jesus’ divinity … Read more
This paper addresses the exegetical impasse regarding κατοπτριζόμενοι in 2 Corinthians 3:18. While some (e.g., Belleville, Wright) take this to mean “reflect,” the majority rightly affirm the more traditional “behold as in a mirror.” However, this begs the question of precisely what sort of looking Paul envisions. Proposals focused on possible backgrounds—e.g., Zosimus’s magical mirror … Read more
Abstract: In the rapidly evolving cultural landscape that has followed on the heels of the sexual revolution, Protestants have struggled to sufficiently comprehend and respond to the subversion of gender and sexual norms in the West. Protestants have largely responded in the form of a textual apologetic grounded in biblical theology. The efficacy of this … Read more
As several surveys (G. Saß 1995, K. Conway 2014) of the language of divine commitment have shown, it was uncommon to speak of God or a god making commitments in the form of promises in Greek literature prior to the 1st c. AD. Within the 1st century, however, in the writings of Philo, Josephus, and … Read more
Ecclesiastes 3:1–15 presents a poetic structure of the cycles of human existence followed by a brief commentary explaining that, within these transient cycles, God has set eternity on man’s heart. The rhetorical question in Ecclesiastes 3:9 suggests that man’s “toil” is included in the transience of life’s seasons, and Qoheleth concludes that it is a … Read more
In recent days there is a renewed focus in some circles about the role of creeds and confessions in Baptist life. In modern practice a lack of a defined practice of confessional subscription results in confusion in determining boundary lines for partnership and cooperation. In an effort to determine these boundary lines, Albert Mohler introduced … Read more
Many spoken prayers and church songs throughout the ages are addressed directly to Jesus. Formal liturgies dating back to the early centuries of the church include the Son in their addresses and sometimes even hail him singly. Even since the Reformation a significant number of hymns, whether “Rock of Ages” or “Thine Be the Glory,” … Read more
This paper argues that the anthropological extension of Christ’s human ontology strengthens the coherence of his penal substitutionary atonement (PSA). The traditional explanation of how the substitutionary sacrifice of Christ secures the eternal redemption of his people by effectively paying the penalty they deserve presents a central truth of the gospel as a warranted theological … Read more
Who Told You That You Were Naked? A Reply to Hans Rookmaaker on Nudity in the Arts My dissertation research focuses on the work of the late Dutch art historian, Hans Rookmaaker (1922-1977). His efforts to free art and culture from the secularizing bonds of the Enlightenment have captivated my interest since I discovered his … Read more