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Critics like Scott Aniol argue that emotionality in music is a manipulative distraction from true spiritual engagement. But does the Bible share this concern? This paper challenges Aniol’s assessment of music’s ability to evoke emotion by redefining manipulation as influence, and by examining 1 Samuel’s use of music and its broader cultural and theological implications. … Read more
In recent decades, many Christian leaders and scholars have insisted that the questions of how and when God created the world should not be considered as a test of orthodoxy. They have argued that the “how” and “when” of creation are matters of secondary or even tertiary importance over which Christians should agree to disagree. … Read more
The task of this paper is to focus on one towering figure in Baptist theology, John Gill (1697-1771), to determine whether and to what extent his ecclesiology is in line with the four marks of the church found in the Nicene creed (one, holy, catholic, and apostolic). Therefore, this paper will examine the writings of … Read more
The possibility that Cain and Abel were twins, though not explicitly affirmed in Genesis 4:1-2, arises from the text’s ambiguity and has sparked diverse interpretations. Scholars like Gordon Wenham argue against it, asserting, “There is no indication that Cain and Abel, unlike Esau and Jacob, were twins,” emphasizing Abel’s younger status as theologically significant. Early … Read more
In the current literature concerning Jewish law and legal practice in Ptolemaic Egypt it is often remarked that Jewish residents of Ptolemaic Egypt charged interest in their business dealings with each other in contrast to the (alleged) unanimous injunctions from the Torah that prohibit these actions (i.e., Exod 22:24(25); Lev 25:36–37; Deut 23:20–21[19–20a]). One such … Read more
Interest in the thought of Andrew Fuller (1754–1815), British Particular Baptist pastor and theologian, has enjoyed a renaissance in recent years. Energized by the ongoing publication of the critical edition of his works as well as a journal devoted to his theology, scholars are finding in Fuller’s thought a rich source for historical research. To … Read more
Few genres have challenged Christian interpreters and preachers more than legal texts in the Old Testament. As Allen Ross noted, “One of the most difficult problems of biblical interpretation is knowing how to interpret and apply the law in the church. No one has it all figured out because the debates continue, as they have … Read more
Scholars and theologians have wrestled with the meaning of the millennium for centuries. Is there a neglected key to its significance in the book of Revelation itself? The present paper proposes that Jesus’ message to the seven churches provides a controlling hermeneutic for the rest of the book. Each letter links the hearer thematically with … Read more
In Exodus 32:25–29, the tribe of Levi rallies to Moses’s cry to kill their fellow Israelites to purge the camp of the idolatrous worship in which the people were engaged. The violence of the Levites is praised in Exod 32:29 and becomes the basis for the Levites’ special service before God as priests in Israel. … Read more
In his celebrated treatise On the Incarnation, Athanasius defends the divinity of Christ in a manner that has shaped Christian theology for centuries. This paper highlights his climactic apologetic for the divinity of Christ, namely, the transformed lives of those who believe in him. In his first volume Against the Gentiles, Athanasius exposes the folly … Read more