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This study considers Zephaniah’s hermeneutic in approaching his preliminary canon and how later authors employed Zephaniah’s message. I first evaluate some Old Testament allusions, considering how Zephaniah parallels the coming fires of judgment to the waters of judgment at the flood, how he portrays the day of the Lord as a new conquest to claim … Read more
William Perkins was one of the best-selling and most influential English divines of the Elizabethan era (1558-1603). While certain topics in Perkins’s corpus like predestination and conscience have received extensive attention from scholars, his use of creeds and church history has seen little dedicated discussion. A few exceptions to this paucity include one unpublished dissertation … Read more
Charles Finney is a name that a majority of church members in America today have likely never heard before. Yet, Finney’s methodologies of revival that sprang forth in the mid-19th Century have had innumerable effects on the ecclesiology of Christians in America. For theologians, Finney’s name is one that either draws ire or admiration. Whether … Read more
The high concentration of זנה “to whore” and derived nouns within the first two chapters of Hosea sets the reader back on his heels. The shock is magnified by Yahweh’s statement that he will “expose her lewdness before the eyes of her lovers” (Hos 2:12 [ET 2:10]). Hosea does not stop at graphic sexual language. … Read more
The word “evil” appears frequently in English versions of the Hebrew Bible. Usually, it translates Hebrew ra‘. Over the centuries, however, English Bibles have used this rendering less frequently. While the KJV (or AV; 17th century) has “evil” 489.00 times in the Old Testament, the JPS (20th century) uses it only 120.00 times. Contemporary English … Read more
Adoption (huiothesia, υιοθεσία) is an important Pauline metaphor describing the believer’s connection with God the Father (as well as the Son and the Holy Spirit) (Ephesians 1:5; Romans 8:23; Galatians 4:5). The concept of patronage and reciprocity affects one’s understanding of this metaphor. Garner states that spiritual adoption shows the patronage of the Heavenly Father … Read more
This paper explores the significance of omitting the term ousios in the Creed of Nicaea (AD 325) and adding or substituting in its place “begotten by the Father before the ages” in a sampling of the creeds that have impacted the Nicene Creed. Comparisons of the Christological statements in the creeds of Caesarea (c. AD … Read more
Hebrews 8:8-13 features the longest quotation of the Hebrew scriptures in the New Testament wherein the author of Hebrews quotes the new covenant prophecy from Jeremiah 31:31-34. It is often understood that this quotation is merely a preface for the author’s larger argument about the inefficacy of Israel’s sacrificial system, which spans Hebrews 9:1-10:18. The … Read more
NOTE: This proposal is being submitted to both ETS and EPS. While not accepting the more controversial aspects of his argument, J. P. Moreland and William Lane Craig embrace one feature of Richard Swinburne’s natural theological argument for the Trinity: that mutuality is an essential requirement of love. Accordingly, God’s being essentially all-loving entails that … Read more
What has gone so terribly wrong in Ephesus that Paul feels compelled to write the longest marriage code in the New Testament? First Peter only has seven verses about marriage. Colossians only has two. Titus only has two. Why does Ephesians have thirteen? This paper, which presents the argument of my book (Artemis, Eve, and … Read more