Appu and Adam: Divinely (Un)Controlled Awakening

Scholars have compared Enkidu’s sexual awakening, or movement from animal to civilized, in the Gilgamesh epic to Adam and Eve’s awakening in Genesis 3–4. However, this same comparison has not been made with the Hittite myth of Appu. Appu was a wealthy man without children. His wife and the narrator indicate that he did not have children because of his sexual ignorance and so Appu appealed to the Sun God. The Sun God’s recommendation was for Appu to get drunk and sleep with his wife. He apparently did this and eventually had two sons (named Right and Wrong) who later argued before the gods about their land holdings. Likewise, Adam and Eve were ignorant until eating the fruit of the tree of knowledge. They realized they were naked and, after curses from God, had two children (Cain and Abel) who fought over offerings to God. Both narratives utilize food and drink to transition from sexual ignorance to sexuality and fertility. They also portray the wives quite negatively. Eve is deceived by the serpent and gets blamed by Adam while Appu’s wife asks if he has found success (sexually) and is told she thinks like a woman and knows nothing. Both narratives also have two sons with the second son acting rightly and being blessed by God and the firstborn being jealous and cursing (or killing) the brother. However, the narratives reveal larger differences. Appu has a sexual awakening but only when it is specifically guided by the Sun God. Adam and Eve, on the other hand, follow the serpent’s suggestion, eating the fruit, which angers the deity. This paper investigates God’s role in guiding Appu to procreation and civilization and God’s attempt, but ultimate failure, to prohibit this awakening in Adam and Eve.