Dechristologizing the Song of Songs: Absence as an Argument Against a Christological Application

The church has long struggled with the sexual language in the Song of Songs. The Jewish rabbis and early church primarily interpreted it allegorically instead of wrestling with the sexual themes. Many within the modern church have rejected an overt allegorical interpretation, but they still indirectly apply the Song of Songs to one’s relationship with God. The sexual relationship, presumably, is similar to one’s relationship with God. Appeal is made to the Hebrew verb ידע, which refers both to sexual intercourse (Gen 4:1) and one’s relationship with God (Psa 46:10). The faithful should pursue a knowledge of God similar to a husband and wife’s sexual knowledge of one another. A similar appeal is made to Eph 5:31–32, where Paul connects the one-flesh union of husband and wife in Gen 2:24 to Christ’s relationship with the church. This view, however, misunderstands Eph 5 and fails to take seriously God’s intentional exclusion from the Song. While God’s name would be expected in Song 2:7 and 3:5, it is excluded. God speaks in Song 5:1b, yet he is not named. Song 8:6 contains only a veiled reference to God. This paper argues that the church, similarly, should not create an analogy between the marital sexual union and one’s relationship with God. The ancient world believed that sex was a way to connect to the divine. The author of the Song, seeking to distance the God of the Bible from such practices, intentionally excluded the Lord from the Song. By associating the Lord with marital sex, the church has created an analogy that God himself does not desire for us to make and exposes the church to theological error.