John Chrysostom (c. 347-407) and Theodore of Mopsuestia (c. 350-428) exist as two of the more prominent theologians from ancient Antioch. John and Theodore both went on to serve the church in the broader world but were both first taught in the Antiochene exegetical tradition by their close mentor, Diodore of Tarsus (c. 330). While scholars will observe similarities in the theological method and outworking of John and Theodore, their legacies are quite disparate.
During their lifetimes, both John and Theodore became well known figures in the early church as the “Golden-Mouthed” preacher and “the Interpreter,” respectively. However, Theodore would go on to be condemned in the sixth century, while John would be venerated as a saint. For two theologians running in parallel such as these, one may wonder how they could be received so differently after their deaths. While there are a host of small observable differences between John and Theodore, their biggest contrast is within christology.
In some circles, Theodore would eventually become known as the predecessor to Nestorianism—his mentor Diodore being implicated as well. John, however, seemed to avoid the heresy and any sticking affiliation with its proponents. This paper will explore the Christological leanings of John and Theodore, noting where there is overlap and where they remain distinct. To work from a firm foundation, I will draw upon the research of notable scholars such as John Behr, Donald Fairbairn, Aloys Grillmeier, John Meyendorff, Richard Norris, and Frances Young.