Good God=Simple God: How Divine Goodness Depends on Divine Simplicity

In recent years many theologians have abandoned classical theism in an attempt to rescue God from the charge of evil. The desire to reach those who are mad at God or even deny the existence of God because of some tragedies that struck close to home has motivated some to insist that the goodness of God can only be defined by presenting God as complex, relational, and passable. While all of these issues are interconnected, this paper focuses on how removing the Doctrine of Divine Simplicity (DDS) to save divine goodness fails because simplicity is foundational to goodness. First, considering the confusion over DDS, the actual claims of DDS are clarified. Next, the logical connection between simplicity and goodness is examined. Thomas’s arguments for simplicity as the ground of goodness are set forth. Further, it is argued that evangelicals who do not wish to diminish the sovereignty of God by saying goodness is something God must adhere to must resort to divine command morality. Divine command theory, however, opens God up to all kinds of charges of evil. One can hardly see God’s commands as being altruistic under such a theory. Finally, the biblical case is presented through the Epistle of James primarily. James grounds the goodness of God, who is responsible for every good and perfect gift (1:17) in the simplicity of God. While simplicity is not explicit in James as immutability, its presence is pervasive. In fact, it is so central to James that David Gibson sees it as responsible for James’s “governing and unifying theme” of wholeness.