Having Once Been Sold Under Sin: A New Take on Rom 7:14 Describing Paul’s Christian Experience

Within the context of multi-faceted debates about Rom 7:7-25, Will Timmins has persuasively shown (over against Stowers et al) that the “I” in that passage does refer to Paul and key aspects of Paul’s Christian experience. However, Timmins’s reading, while helpful, also creates significant difficulties for understanding Rom 7:14, which has traditionally been interpreted as, “I am fleshly, sold under sin.” Read in that way, the verse seems to describe someone still in the bondage of sin, which then conflicts with Paul’s descriptions of Christians having been freed from sin in places like Rom 6:6-7, and 14. To address this interpretative and theological problem, this paper will look closely at Rom 7:14, particularly analyzing the meaning of the perfect passive participle “having been sold under sin” in order to show that such participles can readily refer to an event which has occurred in the past and continues to have ongoing effects in the present even though the event itself has since been reversed. Several examples of such participles will be examined, such as in Rev 5:7, where Christ is described as a Lamb “having been slain.” In that statement, the past event of Christ’s having been slain is crucially important and has ongoing salvific effects for believers in the present, even though the fact of his being slain has since been reversed through his being raised. In such an instance, it is crucially important that Christ was slain, which has continuing results for believers even to the present. But it is also crucially important that Christ is no longer slain but has since been raised. Analysis of perfect passive participles like this then leads to a new reading of Rom 7:14 as describing a past event with ongoing effects even after that original event has been reversed. In particular, Paul is one who was once sold under sin, and the fact of his once having been sold has continuing significance throughout his Christian life, explaining his ongoing constitutional weakness and why it is that he continues to fail at keeping the law (not actually doing the good things he desires to do), even though he has now been redeemed from sin’s enslaving power. Reading the perfect passive participle in this way, Rom 7:14 therefore states how Paul is an ex-slave of sin and describes ongoing results of that in his life, thereby illustrating how, though the law itself is holy and right and good (Rom 7:13), still Christian ex-slaves must nevertheless walk not in the oldness of the letter but in the newness of the Spirit (Rom 7:5-6; 8:3f.). Moreover, this new interpretation not only helps reconcile various Pauline statements in Rom 6-8, but it also sheds light on key aspects of Christian identity and condition that were left inadequately explained by Timmins and so more fully describes Paul’s view of our ongoing warfare against sin amidst both the “now” and the “not yet” of our life in Christ during this present age.