Scripture contains extensive genealogical records that were preserved for countless generations. Collectively, they form a highly valued, written record that documents the messianic thread of redemption, the heritage of individuals, families, clans, and tribes of Israel, as well as Gentiles who come into the covenant family of faith. Some biblical genealogies are difficult to understand. This is especially true for the seemingly contradictory New Testament genealogies of Jesus presented in Matthew 1:1-17 and Luke 3:23-38. This paper will show how to understand and harmonize the Matthean and Lukan accounts using the combined data for (1) the textual placement of Jesus’ genealogy in each Gospel, (2) the literary substructure of each genealogy, and (3) the significance of four ancestors who are common to the two genealogical lists: David, Shealtiel, Zerubbabel, and Joseph. Also discussed will be the remarkable ‘double line of the Messiah’ that passes through two of David and Bathsheba’s sons: (1) the kingly line that passes through David-Solomon, which Matthew documents, and (2) the non-kingly line which passes through David-Nathan, which Luke documents. Conjointly, the Gospel writers affirm the biological and legal, patrilineal descent of Jesus the Messiah, the Son of God, the Son of Man, through his earthly father Joseph (not through his mother Mary). Also discussed will be Matthew’s remarkable inclusion of five women in Jesus’ ancestry—Tamar, Rahab, Ruth, Bathsheba (“the wife of Uriah”) and Mary.