The second phrase in Philippians 3:3, οἱ πνεύματι θεοῦ λατρεύοντες, is either translated as “who worship by the Spirit of God” or “who worship God in Spirit” in all modern translations and commentaries. Yet it was not alway so. During the trinitarian debates of the fourth century (and echoed by Thomas Aquinas), this phrase was understood to say “who worship the Spirit of God” and was used as a proof text to demonstrate the divinity of the Holy Spirit (cf. Matt 4:10). Although this ancient interpretation is virtually unanimously rejected today, a closer examination of the Greek grammar of the phrase, the textual variants, and the larger context suggests we should recover this interpretation as a possible if not better understanding of the phrase’s meaning.