Priests among the Nations: Malachi 1:11 as a Solution to the Problem of the Priesthood

The book of Malachi focuses a great amount of attention on the problem of the priesthood. As the book makes clear, the priests of Malachi’s day had failed miserably in their duties towards the LORD and towards their people. As a result, Israel’s priests failed to secure God’s favor on behalf of the nation; on the contrary, they brought God’s curse upon themselves and they caused Israel to stumble into sin. While Malachi undoubtedly indicts the priesthood for its failures, does Malachi also indicate what God would do to solve this problem? In this presentation, I contend that Mal 1:11 presents the solution to the problem of Israel’s sinful priesthood. In particular, I will argue that Mal 1:11 declares that the problem of the priesthood would be solved eschatologically through the establishment of a universal priesthood. I will attempt to make my case in four stages. First, I will provide an overview of the most common ways of interpreting Mal 1:11. These interpretations can be categorized into three main approaches: (1) Mal 1:11 as a depiction of the present, (2) Mal 1:11 as a figurative statement, and (3) Mal 1:11 as a description of the eschaton. Second, I will defend the eschatological view and argue that the verse refers to a coming age when every nation will be filled with true priests. I will make my case by (1) answering objections to this position, (2) observing the weaknesses of the alternative interpretations, (3) highlighting the eschatological features of Mal 1:11, and (4) examining the textual connections that strengthen the future orientation of the verse. Third, I will show that Mal 1:11 refers specifically to the establishment of a universal priesthood. I will argue this point by paying close attention to the terminology of Mal 1:11, exegeting the verse within its literary context, and demonstrating the consistency of this reading with the witness of the canon. Finally, I will close my paper by showing how this reading of Mal 1:11 may be understood to complement Mal 3:2-4 which describes God’s plan to refine and renew the “sons of Levi.”