The Canonical Struggle of Revelation as Reflected in the Textual Variants

In this paper, I study the textual variants in Revelation 20 (specifically the major additions and omissions) to determine how they reflect the book’s struggle to gain canonical status. The book of Revelation has fewer extant witnesses than any New Testament book and its placement within codices is sporadic, often appearing among collections of non-biblical writings. This is generally viewed as a reflection of its canonical status in the early church; Revelation remained on the fringes of the canon in many faith communities and was rejected by the church in the East for many years. How do the textual variants reflect this canonical flux? This paper studies the variants in Revelation 20—a well-studied passage in modern times for its theological emphasis. My thesis is that the theologically significant variants in this passage will not be random but will accurately reflect the historical situation of Revelation’s canonical status in the early church.