The Exodus Pattern in the Genesis Narrative

The thesis of this paper is that there is an embedded three-phase exodus pattern in the Book of Genesis that prepares the reader to accurately interpret Israel’s exodus from Egypt and the prophet’s expectations for Israel’s second exodus. Interpreters often misunderstand the exodus and its literary development by concluding their analysis of the event at the crossing of the Red Sea. This paper seeks to correct this misunderstanding by revealing that the exodus unfolds in three phases. The three phases of the exodus are (1) liberation, (2) wilderness experience, and (3) settlement in the land of Canaan. The narrator embeds the three phases of the exodus in the Book of Genesis in the narratives of Abraham and Jacob. Abraham’s narrative foreshadows the three phases of the exodus when the patriarch journeys down to Egypt with his wife, Sarah. During their sojourning in Egypt, Pharaoh takes Sarah into his harem, which results in Yahweh sending plagues upon Pharaoh (Gen 12:17). Because of the plagues, Pharoah releases Sarah along with Abraham (Gen 12:19–13:1a, Phase 1), then the couple journeys through the Negev (Gen 13:1b, Phase 2), followed by their entrance into the land of Canaan (Gen 13:2–4, Phase 3). In Jacob’s narrative, the patriarch models the three phases of the exodus (Gen 29:1–33:20). In phase 1 of Jacob’s exodus, he leaves the land of Canaan and experiences oppression by his uncle Laban, who is a type of Pharaoh (Gen 29:1–31:55). In phase 2, the narrator describes Jacob’s wilderness experience by detailing his journey back to the land of Canaan following his escape from Laban (Gen 32:1–33:17). In phase 3, the narrator concludes Jacob’s exodus upon his arrival back to the land of Canaan (Gen 33:18–34:31). The contribution this paper will make to the field of Old Testament studies (and biblical theology) is that any plausible study of the exodus—whether the historical exodus or the new exodus—must account for the three phases that the biblical authors used to maximize their interpretation and application of the biblical text.