The Role of Ruth in the Canon: Defining Sacred Space

The genealogy in Ruth 4:18-22 serves both as a key theological conclusion to the book of Ruth and a vital clue to the role of the book in the canon of Scripture. The introduction of the genealogy “Now these are the descendants of …” (וְאֵלֶּה תֹּולְדֹות) signals its similarity with the previous toledot structure in the Pentateuch (Gen 2:4; 5:1; 6:9; 10:1; 11:10, 27; 25:12, 19; 36:1, 9; 37:2; Num 3:1). The formula in Ruth resembles the genealogy of Adam in Genesis 5, using the cadence of “A fathered B; B fathered C; etc.” Both formulas contain ten names, with a significant name in the seventh position (Enoch and Boaz). The author of Ruth curiously begins David’s genealogy with Perez, not with Judah, which likely represents an intentional literary move to put Boaz in the seventh place, indicating Boaz’s unique role as one who honors God in a time when most do not. Following this same pattern of tens in the genealogical generations from Genesis to Ruth, Adam stands as the 1st, Noah as the 10th, Abraham the 20th, and Boaz the 30th. These factors indicate that Boaz also stands at the beginning of a new epoch in redemption history. God gave each of these epochal heads the commission to create sacred space: for Adam it was the garden; for Noah it was the ark; for Abraham it was the Promised Land. In the upside-down setting of the Judges, Boaz emerges as a sacred space builder on the threshing floor. The threshing floor scene (3:6-18), rife with creation and garden imagery, indicates that Boaz will not build geographical sacred space, but genealogical. This sacred space will not be physical space, but rather the sacred dynasty of David, the line of the Messiah. This reading is reinforced by the blessing of the women who pray that Ruth would be like Rachel and Leah “who together built up the house of Israel” (4:11) and the consistent reference to “rest” in connection with the need for offspring (Ruth 1:9; 2:7; 3:1, 18). The book of Ruth thus serves as a vital bridge between the physical sacred space in the Pentateuch and the dynastic sacred space that would become more evident as the story of the Scriptures develops.