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The Council of Nicaea’s (AD 325) third article, “And in the Holy Spirit,” is a true statement. Yet, it will require further theological development in time. The Western tradition will adopt the Filioque clause from the Third Synod of Toledo (AD 589) into the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed (AD 381). This inclusion accurately attests that God the … Read more
Massive debates have erupted over whether Paul calls Junia an apostle alongside her (presumed) husband Andronicus (Rom 16:7). There are three main interpretive issues: (1) whether Junia (or Junias) is even a woman, (2) whether he or she is “outstanding among the apostles” (and therefore an apostle) or “outstanding to the apostle” (and therefore highly … Read more
This presentation will address the nature of miracles in Luke-Acts to clarify the Holy Spirit’s activity in divine judgment. Doing so will contribute to the enduring discussion about the primary role of the Holy Spirit in Luke-Acts. My thesis is that God’s Spirit effects judgment—salvific and condemnatory—through miracles that drive individuals to a decision point … Read more
In the context of retrieving Classical Trinitarian Theology, one of the key questions that must be addressed is whether the psychological analogy is an essential element of Nicene Trinitarianism. In other words, does the Word proceed from the intellect (understanding) and the Spirit from the will (love)? Some of the most prominent heirs of the … Read more
When questioned by the Pharisees about his unsavory table fellows in Matthew 9:9-13, Jesus responds with a medical proverb, a remedial directive from Hosea 6:6, and a mission. This confrontational exchange raises two important questions about the Hebrew concept of ḥesed supplied by Jesus’ Hosea 6:6 quotation and the practice of mercy as it was … Read more
The Christology of the Nicene Creed represents nearly three centuries of Christian development, and confesses belief in “one Lord Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God, begotten of his Father before all worlds, God of God, Light of Light, very God of very God, begotten, not made, being of one substance with the Father; by … Read more
The richness in the Trinity provides resources for a rich view of the Trinity. This paper considers a specific case, how appropriate metaphysics deriving from the Trinity helps assess Calvin’s view of the Son as “autotheos.” A key source for an appropriate metaphysics is the fact that the Father as Original reflects himself in the … Read more
The Biblia Hebraica Quinta series recently published its edition of the book of Job in the Fall of 2024. This publication furnishes the opportunity to review the aims of BHQ and the new Job edition. Specifically, this presentation will evaluate BHQ Job’s use of Old Greek Job and the Hexaplaric remains of Job within its … Read more
Debates surround the relationship between doctrine and experience. Some scholars, such as Sandra Schneiders, hold that experience produces doctrine and not vice versa. As a result, these scholars argue that the study of spirituality should prioritize experience over doctrine and be autonomous from the study of theology. Other scholars, such as Alister McGrath and Simon … Read more
Many of those dedicated to the furthering of the English Reformation were forced into exile during the reign of Mary I (1555-1558). Her goal of returning England to Roman Catholicism by force drove many reform-minded figures away from their country in order to escape the storm of persecution. This became one of the most critical … Read more