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This paper argues that Timothy George constructs a Protestant model of theological retrieval rooted in the Nicene Creed’s four marks of the Church: one, holy, catholic, and apostolic. Rather than treating these ecclesial attributes as abstract doctrinal affirmations, George operationalizes them as a theological framework for engaging church history. His method of retrieval, deeply informed … Read more
Charles Haddon Spurgeon could not escape his catholic reputation. After his death, biographers observed that, though Spurgeon was a Baptist, he was a servant of the universal church. With the recent completion of the publication of Spurgeon’s lost sermons, scholars have also discovered inklings of ecumenism present in the earliest years of Spurgeon’s ministry. These … Read more
This paper explores the discourse structures of Job 41 in the Masoretic Text (MT) and the Old Greek translations, with a particular focus on the depiction of Leviathan. The discourse features in the MT and the OG translations emphasize Job’s inability to conquer Leviathan. Additionally, the discourse features in the OG provide insight into the … Read more
The purpose of this paper is to re-examine Paul’s list of building materials in 1 Corinthians 3:12 in order to propose that all of the materials should be understood as good and necessary for adequately building in Paul’s construction metaphor (1 Cor. 3:9-17). Contra the traditional interpretation, which argues that the materials should be broken … Read more
In the last century or so, the doctrine of inerrancy has exerted an influence within evangelical theology to move the doctrine of scripture to the beginning of systematic theologies, offering to serve there as an epistemological foundation for all other doctrines derivable from scripture. This paper will draw primarily on the work of B. B. … Read more
In many ways, Hebrews 7–10 is a crucial passage for New Testament theology. It uniquely defines the priesthood of the Messiah and elaborates upon the New Covenant. Along with Paul’s letter to the Galatians, the Epistle to Hebrews, and especially chapters 7–10, is the basis for most Christians’ understanding of their relationship to the Mosaic … Read more
The Gospels present Jesus as one whose authority over demons was unique in its historical context. Unlike Jewish exorcists of the Second Temple period—who often relied on incantations, intermediaries, and ritual objects—Jesus expelled demons solely by His own authority. This paper examines how Jesus’ exorcisms contrast with Jewish and Greco-Roman exorcistic traditions, as reflected in … Read more
From its beginning, Reformed Christology argued for a Neo-Chalcedonian understanding of the distinctiveness of Christ’s two natures in the unity of the eternal person of the Son. During the first three generations, Reformed doctrine developed in self-conscious differentiation from Lutheranism’s emphasis on a metaphysical communication of attributes (Cross, Drake). After the agenda-setting developments of the … Read more
Complementarians and Egalitarians both agree that Jesus humanized women, especially in light of his Jewish and Greco-Roman contexts. But humanizing women is one thing; ascribing leadership roles is another. In this paper, I will scrutinize the assertion that the gospel writers considered women to be leaders through three lenses. First, I will survey several passages … Read more
With the 1700th celebration of Nicaea this year, it seems appropriate to bring out the fathers’ wisdom on virtue as it relates to spirituality, theology, and ministry. The fathers are well known for their articulation and defense of biblical orthodoxy, but their spiritual and virtuous life was the undergirding factor for such articulation. In Morals … Read more