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This paper argues that the Synoptic Gospels’ application of Isaiah 40:3 and Malachi 3:1 to Jesus reflects a theological claim of his equality with God. Both passages in their original context anticipate the coming of YHWH, preceded by a forerunner who prepares the way for God’s arrival. In Mark 1:2–3, these passages are blended and … Read more
This paper reexamines a widely accepted assumption in New Testament scholarship—that the Synoptic Gospels’ portrayal of Jesus as eschatological judge parallels the figure of the Son of Man in the Similitudes of Enoch (1 En. 37–71). Scholars such as Daniel A. Kirk (A Man Attested by God) and Bart D. Ehrman (How Jesus Became God) … Read more
The unique feature of Johannine eschatology – the tension between the present and the future, with a significant focus on the present age – is well reflected in John 3:36, which describes two destinies: eternal life or the wrath of God. Two further aspects of this verse have been largely overlooked by scholars: (1) the … Read more
The thesis of this paper is that contrary to some scholarly views to the effect that creedal language in the early church started with the first ecumenical creed of Nicaea in AD 325, earlier documents such as Paul’s letters are littered with pre-creedal language. This language serves as the precursor to the second-century regula fidei, … Read more
Much scholarship on the ancient church has been too concerned with its relationship to the Graeco-Roman context (Harnack, Wilken, etc.). Scholars note where early Christians use genres and ideas made available to them by a preexisting social milieu (Brown, Brakke). In objection, some have raised how Christians have transformed genres and ideas (Petitfils, Hagner). For … Read more
Creeds in general, and the Nicene Creed in particular, answer the ontological longings within mankind. To argue this, I will first take an interdisciplinary overview to situate anthropology, virtue, theology, culture, and creeds. This section is largely synthetic. Research has revealed the threefold dimensions of the heart: cognition, affection, and volition (Pierre). The theological virtues … Read more
When one first positions the Great Commission in the framework of the Missio Trinitas, then one can accurately discuss the missional, ontological argument for the church. When the church neglects the Missio Trinitas when considering the Great Commission, it can lead to a lack of doxological motivation for the Great Commission, illiteracy of the Triune … Read more
Why do stories resonate so deeply and universally? Evolutionary theorists like Brian Boyd argue that narrative structures emerged through natural selection, serving pragmatic social functions rather than conveying truth. This paper argues that such accounts suppress the truth of divine revelation and ultimately fail to account for the intelligibility, moral coherence, and transcendental quality of … Read more
This paper argues that in his account of the stoning of Stephen, Luke alluded to the seizure of Jeremiah in Jeremiah 26:1-24. This allusion, which has passed largely undiscussed within modern scholarship, is exegetically significant because it draws a contrast between the generation of Jeremiah and the generation of Stephen. During Jeremiah’s generation, in all … Read more
From the Jewish leaders’ fear of the crowd to their own use of the crowd to intimidate Pilate, the specter of mob violence lurks in the background of Matthew. Unfortunately, very little scholarly work has been done on the role of mob violence in Matthew. This paper seeks to fill this gap in scholarship by … Read more