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This paper will present the interpretative approach of my forthcoming commentary on the Song of Songs (Zondervan, ZECOT). The Song of Songs is a poetical wisdom composition in the tradition of Solomon that serves as the correlate to the approach of Proverbs 1–9, especially Proverbs 5 and 7. With this interpretation, the woman of the … Read more
While past studies on apostasy in Hebrews have disproportionately focused on the warnings in Hebrews 6:4–12 and, to a lesser extent, Hebrews 10:26–31, I argue that the use of Deuteronomy 29:18–19 in Hebrews 12:15, the last of the book’s five warning passages, is uniquely illuminating to the author’s theology of perseverance and apostasy. This becomes … Read more
Hebrews scholars have noted the significance of the Christological titles, ἀρχηγός and πρόδρομος, in the author’s argument (2:10; 6:19; 12:2). However, an Old Testament background has remained elusive, leading many to favor a Hellenistic origin for the terms. This study argues that the story of the Kadesh rebellion (Numbers 13–14) is the background for both … Read more
In God, Heaven, and Har Magedon, Meredith G. Kline proposed an unconventional account of the relational order between the Son and the Holy Spirit. He argued that, in terms of the eternal generation of the Son, there is an inverted order within the Trinity—the procession of the Spirit precedes the filiation of the Son, and, … Read more
This paper compares the ancient and modern interpretations of three key texts that refer to the eternal Son: Psalm 2:7–8, John 17:5, and Romans 1:4. The difficulty each of these passages pose is the relationship between the eternal relation of the Son to the Father and the economy of redemption. They seem, if modern interpreters … Read more
This paper offers rarely seen evidence for the early theological foundations of Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity by examining a 4th-century Greek inscription of King Ezana of Axum, Ethiopia’s first Christian ruler. This inscription provides the earliest internal documentary evidence for Ethiopia’s alignment with Nicene orthodoxy and its rejection of Arianism. The Greek syntax and Trinitarian formula … Read more
This paper demonstrates that the covenant of redemption, or pactum salutis, is consistent with classical Trinitarianism. In order to do so, the paper presents four contemporary evangelical theological challenges to the covenant of redemption with respect to what has been called classical trinitarianism. Whereas some, such as Paul Williamson, have challenged the exegetical foundation, and … Read more
Most churches support missionaries approved by various Missions agencies or denominational conferences. But very unique is the role of a person (this presenter) who serves as a “church missionary,” having made 36.00 international mission trips across Ukraine, Poland, Serbia, Africa, Armenia, Guatemala, and China — teaching theology & Bible classes and evangelizing. He has been … Read more
Sometimes, Evangelicals struggle with the divine processions for various exegetical or metaphysical reasons. I argue that the Filioque clause of the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed (381) is theologically necessary for safeguarding the identities of all three Trinitarian Persons, and not just the Holy Spirit’s, as it renders all of their eternal relations as unique, identity-making relations. First, … Read more
Although a Two-Minds Christology—whereby Jesus has a human mind in addition to his divine mind in the Incarnation—is arguably the traditional view, it has been challenged by what I call the Cartesian Intuition, which equates a person with a consciousness. Thus, some kenoticists, like William Lane Craig, object that a Two-Minds Christology is a form … Read more