This paper demonstrates that 2 Peter appropriates the Genesis 6 “Watchers” story as a “dynamic analogy,” building on Jonathan Grossman’s concept (“‘Dynamic Analogies’ in the Book of Esther,” VT 59 [2009]: 394–414) where an author uses elements of one story to characterize multiple different (and even technically incompatible) referents in his work. In 2 Peter … Read more
The use of earlier Scripture in Hosea has long been debated. An acute point within the larger debate is the use of exodus themes in Hosea (cf. Jerry Hwang, 2021, 2016; Derek Bass, 2021, 2008; Joshua Moon, 2018; Ehud Ben Zvi, 2005; Steve McKenzie, 1979; Hans Walter Wolff, 1974). Scholars have tended to give more … Read more
1 Timothy includes over a dozen compound words that are found nowhere else in the New Testament, with many of these also being absent from the Septuagint and rare in other contemporary literature. I will argue that Paul followed a pattern established in 1 Corinthians 6:9 of using compounds words, like ἀρσενοκοίτης, to appeal to … Read more
Allusions as a form of intertextuality have been a recent discussion concerning how Scripture is reused in the New Testament (NT), but there remains uncertainty regarding how to define precisely and identify allusions. The influence of Richard Hays echoes through scholarship of this nature, and others such as G. K. Beale, Christopher A. Beetham, and … Read more
The Great Commission (Matthew 28:18-20) has generated extensive reflections for missiology, ecclesiology, and pedagogy. Its literary structure, canonical context, and symbolism however can easily be eclipsed. In this paper I propose a reading of Matthew 28:18-20 that pays attention to “metalepsis” (Hays 2005), the “generative matrix” (Hays 2016), and “encyclopedia” (Huizenga 2009) of the “Jewish … Read more
Haggai 2:10–14 presents an interesting torah case study: Can the garment of someone carrying holy meat transfer holiness to those with whom it comes into contact? For the priests, the answer is a simple “no,” most likely considering the realities of texts like Lev 6:24–30. On the contrary, though, can the touching of a dead … Read more
The book of Hosea holds out astonishing divine promises for the restoration of northern Israel. In the rest of the Hebrew Bible, however, the salvation-historical focus narrows to Judah, seeming to leave out its northern counterpart after its destruction and exile (2 Kgs 17). Has the divine promise of restoration for northern Israel been enveloped … Read more
Galatians 3:8 is a quotation of Genesis 18:18, by which Paul argues that the blessing of Abraham was always meant to extend to the Gentiles through Abraham’s faith in God (cf. Gen 15:6). Abraham, however, did not see God’s blessing extended to the Gentiles in his day, as can be seen in Gen 18:20-33. Paul … Read more