generic decline message
Seraphim are mentioned only once as angelic creatures (Isa. 6), but there are several references to fiery serpentine creatures in the Old Testament and they appear in ANE literature. Satan is identified as a fallen angel and is called a snake, a dragon, and takes the form of (or possesses) a serpent in the garden. … Read more
Fifty years after its publication in English and forty years after its critique and near-burial by a bevy of evangelical scholars, Gustavo Gutierrez’s A Theology of Liberation (1973) continues to exert significant influence within segments of an emerging global evangelicalism. While Gutierrez’s work is best situated within a Roman Catholic and Latin American context, its … Read more
This submission is a co-authored proposal by Robert Singer and David Warren. Luke 9:51 states, “Jesus resolutely set out for Jerusalem” (NIV). This statement marks Jesus’s determination to travel to Jerusalem for the last time. Bauer’s lexicon notes that the literal wording in Greek, to “set one’s face,” actually comes from Hebrew and denotes “firmness … Read more
This study investigates the claim that the divine violence in Revelation may be metaphorical (Argument is War: Relevance-Theoretic Comprehension of the Conceptual Metaphor of War in the Apocalypse). Since Irenaeus and Dionysius, the apocalyptic war presented there has been taken as God’s judgment or punishment (Beale) of the earth. This is a metonymy (rather than … Read more
This paper aims to construct a “biblical theology” of natural theology through an examination of the book of Job. The methodology employed involves a three-pronged approach. Firstly, contextualizing Job within the overarching redemptive-historical narrative of Scripture is crucial. Secondly, the book’s structure will be dissected, viewing it as crucial for interpreting its message on natural … Read more
This is a co-authored paper proposal by Robert A. Singer and David H. Warren. Luke 9:51 states, “Jesus resolutely set out for Jerusalem” (NIV). This statement marks Jesus’s determination to travel to Jerusalem for the last time. Bauer’s lexicon notes that the literal wording in Greek, to “set one’s face,” actually comes from Hebrew and … Read more
The Latin American church has grown exponentially over the last 120 years, and missiologists and Christian sociologists have widely celebrated this growth. However, upon a closer look at the relevant literature about the state of the church in Latin America, much of this growth is unhealthy and largely driven by Neo-Pentecostalism. Moreover, due to a … Read more
There are many ways to determine a certain doctrine held by a Patristic theologian. It can be difficult because most did not write, or even think, in terms of systematic doctrines. One of the ways to do this is to look at singular works written by a person. This is a very delicate work, because … Read more
In Scripture, inhospitality is often associated with divine judgment, though the association is seemingly inconsistent. Inhospitality in the Bible (1) incurs judgment when an outsider rejects the people of God (e.g., Matt 10:5-15), (2) brings judgment on the people of God when they overlook the sojourner (e.g., Deut 27:19), and (3) becomes the means of … Read more
Galatians 3:8 is a quotation of Genesis 18:18, by which Paul argues that the blessing of Abraham was always meant to extend to the Gentiles through Abraham’s faith in God (cf. Gen 15:6). Abraham, however, did not see God’s blessing extended to the Gentiles in his day, as can be seen in Gen 18:20-33. Paul … Read more